What are law of large numbers?

The law of large numbers is like when you flip a coin many times and it starts to look more fair.

Imagine you have a bag full of red and blue marbles. You can’t see inside the bag, but you know there are 50 red ones and 50 blue ones. If you pull out just one marble, it might be red or blue, no way to tell for sure. But if you pull out 100 marbles, you’d probably get close to half red and half blue. The more marbles you take out, the closer your guess gets to the real number inside the bag.

This idea is super important in real life. When a teacher flips a coin 10 times for a game, sometimes it feels like the coin is being unfair, maybe it lands on heads 8 times! But if you flip that same coin 1,000 times, it’ll probably be much closer to 500 heads and 500 tails.

It's like how your favorite cereal might have a toy inside every box. If they say 1 in 10 boxes has a dinosaur, sometimes you get two dinosaurs in a row! But if you buy 100 boxes, the number of dinosaurs will probably be around 10, not always exactly, but close enough to feel fair.