What are underwater volcanoes and earthquakes?

Underwater volcanoes and earthquakes are like the Earth’s way of stretching and squishing deep down under the ocean.

Underwater volcanoes are like giant toys in a bathtub, when they erupt, it's like popping open a bubble full of hot lava. This happens because the Earth is made of big pieces called plates, and sometimes these plates move apart or push together, making the ground shake and lava come out from under the sea.

Earthquakes are what happen when those plates suddenly slide or jump, like when you quickly pull a tablecloth off a plate, everything on top moves too. This shaking can be felt far away, even on land!

Sometimes underwater volcanoes cause earthquakes, just like how stepping on a toy might make it move around in the bathtub.

When an underwater volcano erupts, it can even create new islands over time, just like building with blocks, one layer at a time.